THE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (EXCERPT)
Act 328 of 1931
CHAPTER LXVIIA
HUMAN TRAFFICKING


750.462a Definitions.

Sec. 462a.

    As used in this chapter:
    (a) "Bodily injury" means any physical injury.
    (b) "Coercion" includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
    (i) Threatening to harm or physically restrain any individual or the creation of any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause an individual to believe that failure to perform an act would result in psychological, reputational, or financial harm to, or physical restraint of, any individual.
    (ii) Abusing or threatening abuse of the legal system, including threats of arrest or deportation without regard to whether the individual being threatened is subject to arrest or deportation under the laws of this state or the United States.
    (iii) Knowingly destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or possessing any actual or purported passport or other immigration document or any other actual or purported government identification document from any individual without regard to whether the documents are fraudulent or fraudulently obtained.
    (iv) Facilitating or controlling an individual's access to a controlled substance, as that term is defined in section 7104 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7104, other than for a legitimate medical purpose.
    (c) "Commercial sexual activity" means 1 or more of the following for which anything of value is given or received by any person:
    (i) An act of sexual penetration or sexual contact as those terms are defined in section 520a.
    (ii) Any conduct prohibited under section 145c.
    (iii) Any sexually explicit performance as that term is defined in section 3 of 1978 PA 33, MCL 722.673.
    (d) "Debt bondage" includes, but is not limited to, the status or condition of a debt arising from a pledge by the debtor of his or her personal services or those of an individual under his or her control as a security for a debt, if the value of those services as reasonably assessed is not applied toward the liquidation of the debt or the length and nature of those services are not specifically limited and defined.
    (e) "Financial harm" means any of the following:
    (i) Conduct prohibited under section 1 of 1968 PA 259, MCL 438.41.
    (ii) Extortion.
    (iii) Employment contracts that violate 1978 PA 390, MCL 408.471 to 408.490.
    (iv) Any other adverse financial consequence.
    (f) "Force" includes, but is not limited to, physical violence or threat of physical violence or actual physical restraint or confinement or threat of actual physical restraint or confinement without regard to whether injury occurs.
    (g) "Forced labor or services" means labor or services that are obtained or maintained by force, fraud, or coercion.
    (h) "Fraud" includes, but is not limited to, a false or deceptive offer of employment or marriage.
    (i) "Labor" means work of economic or financial value.
    (j) "Minor" means an individual under 18 years of age.
    (k) "Serious bodily injury" means any physical injury requiring medical treatment, regardless of whether the victim seeks medical treatment.
    (l) "Services" means an ongoing relationship between a person and an individual in which the individual performs activities under the supervision of or for the benefit of the person, including, but not limited to, commercial sexual activity and sexually explicit performances.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015 ;-- Am. 2018, Act 119, Eff. July 25, 2018





750.462b Forced labor or services; prohibition.

Sec. 462b.

    A person shall not knowingly recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide, or obtain an individual for forced labor or services.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015





750.462c Holding individual in debt bondage.

Sec. 462c.

    A person shall not knowingly recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide, or obtain an individual for the purpose of holding the individual in debt bondage.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015





750.462d Prohibited conduct.

Sec. 462d.

    A person shall not do either of the following:
    (a) Knowingly recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide, or obtain an individual by any means, knowing that individual will be subjected to forced labor or services or debt bondage.
    (b) Knowingly benefit financially or receive anything of value from participation in an enterprise, as that term is defined in section 159f, if the enterprise has engaged in an act proscribed under this chapter.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015





750.462e Forced labor or services; prohibited conduct as it relates to age of minor.

Sec. 462e.

    A person shall not do any of the following, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the minor:
    (a) Recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide, or obtain by any means a minor for commercial sexual activity.
    (b) Recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide, or obtain by any means a minor for forced labor or services.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015





750.462f Violation of MCL 750.462b, 750.462c, and 750.462d; violation of MCL 750.462e; attempting, conspiring, or soliciting another to violate chapter; violation of law arising out of same transaction; consecutive terms; restitution.

Sec. 462f.

    (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person who violates section 462b, 462c, or 462d is guilty of a crime as follows:
    (a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 10 years or a fine of not more than $10,000.00, or both.
    (b) If the violation results in bodily injury to an individual or results in an individual being engaged in commercial sexual activity, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 15 years or a fine of not more than $15,000.00, or both.
    (c) If the violation results in serious bodily injury to an individual, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 20 years or a fine of not more than $20,000.00, or both.
    (d) If the violation involves kidnapping or attempted kidnapping, criminal sexual conduct in the first degree or attempted criminal sexual conduct in the first degree, or an attempt to kill or the death of an individual, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for life or any term of years or a fine of not more than $50,000.00, or both.
    (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person who violates section 462e is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 20 years or a fine of not more than $20,000.00, or both.
    (3) A person who attempts, conspires, or solicits another to violate this chapter is subject to the same penalty as a person who commits a violation of this chapter.
    (4) This section does not prohibit a person from being charged with, convicted of, or punished for any other violation of law arising out of the same transaction as the violation of this section.
    (5) The court may order a term of imprisonment imposed for violating this section to be served consecutively to a term of imprisonment imposed for the commission of any other crime, including any other violation of law arising out of the same transaction as the violation of this section.
    (6) In addition to any mandatory restitution applicable under section 16 of the William Van Regenmorter crime victim's rights act, 1985 PA 87, MCL 780.766, the court may order a person convicted of violating this section to pay restitution to the victim in the manner provided in section 16b of the William Van Regenmorter crime victim's rights act, 1985 PA 87, MCL 780.766b, and to reimburse any governmental entity for its expenses incurred in relation to the violation in the same manner that expenses may be ordered to be reimbursed under section 1f of chapter IX of the code of criminal procedure, 1927 PA 175, MCL 769.1f.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015 ;-- Am. 2016, Act 338, Eff. Mar. 14, 2017





750.462g Testimony of victim; admissibility of expert testimony as to human trafficking victim's behavior.

Sec. 462g.

    (1) The testimony of a victim is not required in a prosecution under this chapter. However, if a victim testifies, that testimony need not be corroborated.
    (2) Expert testimony as to the behavioral patterns of human trafficking victims and the manner in which a human trafficking victim's behavior may deviate from societal expectations is admissible as evidence in court in a prosecution under this chapter if the expert testimony is otherwise admissible under the rules of evidence and laws of this state.
    (3) A victim or complainant must not be excused from attending and testifying or producing any books, papers, or other documents before a court or magistrate on an investigation, proceeding, or trial for a violation of this chapter on the grounds that the testimony or evidence may tend to incriminate the victim or complainant. Truthful testimony, evidence, or other truthful information elicited under this section and any information derived directly or indirectly from that truthful testimony, evidence, or other truthful information must not be used against the victim or complainant in a criminal case, except for impeachment purposes or in a prosecution for perjury or otherwise failing to testify or produce evidence as required.
    


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015 ;-- Am. 2017, Act 53, Eff. Sept. 13, 2017 ;-- Am. 2024, Act 185, Eff. Apr. 2, 2025





750.462h Relevancy of resistance or lack of resistance.

Sec. 462h.

    In a prosecution under this chapter, the victim's resistance or lack of resistance to the actor is not relevant.


History: Add. 2006, Act 162, Eff. Aug. 24, 2006 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015





750.462i Repealed. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015.


Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to penalty involving kidnapping or attempt to kidnap, criminal sexual conduct or attempt to commit criminal conduct, or attempt to kill.





750.462j Repealed. 2014, Act 329, Eff. Jan. 14, 2015.


Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to providing or obtaining labor or services by force, fraud, or coercion as crime and recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining person for involuntary servitude or debt bondage as crime.




Rendered 8/16/2025 8:31 PM
Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 5 of 2025
Courtesy of legislature.mi.gov