NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (EXCERPT)
Act 451 of 1994 Part 353
SAND DUNES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

324.35301 Definitions.

Sec. 35301.

As used in this part:

(a) "Contour change" includes any grading, filling, digging, or excavating that significantly alters the physical characteristic of a critical dune area, except that which is involved in sand dune mining as defined in part 637.

(b) "Crest" means the line at which the first lakeward facing slope of a critical dune ridge breaks to a slope of less than 1-foot vertical rise in a 5-1/2-foot horizontal plane for a distance of at least 20 feet, if the areal extent where this break occurs is greater than 1/10 acre in size.

(c) "Critical dune area" means a geographic area designated in the "atlas of critical dune areas" dated February 1989 that was prepared by the department of natural resources.

(d) "Department" means the department of environmental quality.

(e) "Foredune" means 1 or more low linear dune ridges that are parallel and adjacent to the shoreline of a Great Lake and are rarely greater than 20 feet in height. The lakeward face of a foredune is often gently sloping and may be vegetated with dune grasses and low shrub vegetation or may have an exposed sand face.

(f) "Model zoning plan" means the model zoning plan provided for in sections 35304 to 35309 and 35311a to 35324.

(g) "Permit" means a permit for a use within a critical dune area under this part.

(h) "Planning commission" means the body or entity within a local government that is responsible for zoning and land use planning for the local unit of government.

(i) "Restabilization" means restoration of the natural contours of a critical dune to the extent practicable, the restoration of the protective vegetative cover of a critical dune through the establishment of indigenous vegetation, and the placement of snow fencing or other temporary sand trapping measures for the purpose of preventing erosion, drifting, and slumping of sand.

(j) "Special use project" means any of the following:

(i) A proposed use in a critical dune area for an industrial or commercial purpose regardless of the size of the site.

(ii) A multifamily use of more than 3 acres.

(iii) A multifamily use of 3 acres or less if the density of use is greater than 4 individual residences per acre.

(iv) A proposed use in a critical dune area, regardless of size of the use, that the planning commission, or the department if a local unit of government does not have an approved zoning ordinance, determines would damage or destroy features of archaeological or historical significance.

(k) "Use" means a developmental, silvicultural, or recreational activity done or caused to be done by a person that significantly alters the physical characteristic of a critical dune area or a contour change done or caused to be done by a person. Use does not include sand dune mining as defined in part 637.

(l) "Zoning ordinance" means an ordinance of a local unit of government that regulates the development of critical dune areas within the local unit of government pursuant to the requirements of this part.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 1995, Act 262, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 1996 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of authority, powers, duties, functions, and responsibilities of the Land and Water Management Division, with the exception of the farmland and open space preservation program, natural rivers program, and Michigan information resource inventory system, to the Director of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, see E.R.O. No. 1995-16, compiled at MCL 324.99901 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35302 Legislative findings.

Sec. 35302.

The legislature finds that:

(a) The critical dune areas of this state are a unique, irreplaceable, and fragile resource that provide significant recreational, economic, scientific, geological, scenic, botanical, educational, agricultural, and ecological benefits to the people of this state and to people from other states and countries who visit this resource.

(b) The purpose of this part is to balance for present and future generations the benefits of protecting, preserving, restoring, and enhancing the diversity, quality, functions, and values of the state's critical dunes with the benefits of economic development and multiple human uses of the critical dunes and the benefits of public access to and enjoyment of the critical dunes. To accomplish this purpose, this part is intended to do all of the following:

(i) Ensure and enhance the diversity, quality, functions, and values of the critical dunes in a manner that is compatible with private property rights.

(ii) Ensure sound management of all critical dunes by allowing for compatible economic development and multiple human uses of the critical dunes.

(iii) Coordinate and streamline governmental decision-making affecting critical dunes through the use of the most comprehensive, accurate, and reliable information and scientific data available.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of authority, powers, duties, functions, and responsibilities of the Land and Water Management Division, with the exception of the farmland and open space preservation program, natural rivers program, and Michigan information resource inventory system, to the Director of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, see E.R.O. No. 1995-16, compiled at MCL 324.99901 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35303 Notice to local units of government and property owners; copy of “atlas of critical dune areas”; contents of notice; supplying addresses of property owners.

Sec. 35303.

(1) As soon as practicable following July 5, 1989, the department shall notify by mail each local unit of government that has within its jurisdiction critical dune areas, and include a copy of the "atlas of critical dune areas" dated February 1989 and a copy of former Act No. 222 of the Public Acts of 1976 with the notice. By October 1, 1989, the department shall mail a copy of the same notice to each property owner of record who owns property within a critical dune area. The notices shall include the following information:

(a) That designated property within the local unit of government is a critical dune area that is subject to regulation under former Act No. 222 of the Public Acts of 1976.

(b) That a local unit of government may adopt a zoning ordinance that is approved by the department, or, if the local unit of government does not have an approved ordinance, the use of the critical dune area will be regulated by the department under the model zoning plan.

(2) Upon the request of the department, a local unit of government shall supply to the department the address of each property owner of record who owns property within a critical dune area within its jurisdiction in a timely manner that enables the department to provide notice to the property owners as required under subsection (1).

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35304 Permit for use in critical dune area; requirements; decision of local unit of government; limitations; ordinance; model zoning plan; special exceptions; assisting local units of government.

Sec. 35304.

(1) A person shall not initiate a use within a critical dune area unless the person obtains a permit from the local unit of government in which the critical dune area is located or the department if the department issues permits as provided under subsection (7). A permit for a use within a critical dune area is subject to all of the following:

(a) A person proposing a use within a critical dune area shall file an application with the local unit of government, or with the department if the department is issuing permits under the model zoning plan. The application form shall include information necessary to conform with the requirements of this part. If a project proposes the use of more than 1 critical dune area location within a local unit of government, 1 application may be filed for the uses.

(b) The local unit of government shall provide notice of an application filed under this section to each person who makes a written request to the local unit of government for notification of pending applications. The local unit of government may charge an annual fee for providing this notice. The local unit of government shall prepare a monthly list of the applications made during the previous month and shall promptly provide copies of the list for the remainder of the calendar year to the persons who have requested notice. In addition, if the department issues permits under this part within a local unit of government, notice of an application shall also be given to the local conservation district office, the county clerk, the county health department, and the local unit of government in which the property is located. The monthly list shall state the name and address of each applicant, the location of the applicant's project, and a summary statement of the purpose of the use. The local unit of government may hold a public hearing on pending applications.

(c) The notice shall state that unless a written request is filed with the local unit of government within 20 days after the notice is sent, the local unit of government may grant the application without a public hearing. Upon the written request of 2 or more persons who own real property within 2 miles of the project, the local unit of government shall hold a public hearing pertaining to a permit application.

(d) At least 10 days' notice of a hearing to be held pursuant to this section shall be given by publication in 1 or more newspapers of general circulation in the county in which the proposed use is to be located, and by providing notice to the persons who have requested notice pursuant to subdivision (b) and to the person requesting the hearing.

(e) After the filing of an application, the local unit of government shall grant or deny the permit within 60 days, or within 90 days if a public hearing is held. If a permit is denied, the local unit of government shall provide to the applicant a concise written statement of its reasons for denial of the permit, and if it appears that a minor modification of the application would result in the granting of the permit, the nature of the modification shall be stated. In an emergency, the local unit of government may issue a conditional permit before the expiration of the 20-day period referred to in subdivision (c).

(f) The local unit of government shall base a decision to grant or deny a permit under this section on the model zoning plan or on any existing ordinance that is in effect in the local unit of government that provides a substantially equivalent level of protection for critical dune areas and that is approved by the department.

(g) Subject to section 35316, a permit shall be approved unless the local unit of government or the department determines that the use will significantly damage the public interest on the privately owned land, or, if the land is publicly owned, the public interest in the publicly owned land, by significant and unreasonable depletion or degradation of any of the following:

(i) The diversity of the critical dune areas within the local unit of government.

(ii) The quality of the critical dune areas within the local unit of government.

(iii) The functions of the critical dune areas within the local unit of government.

(2) The decision of the local unit of government or the department with respect to a permit shall be in writing and shall be based upon evidence that would meet the standards in section 75 of the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.275. A decision denying a permit shall document, and any review upholding the decision shall determine, all of the following:

(a) That the local unit of government or the department has met the burden of proof under subsection (1).

(b) That the decision is based upon sufficient facts or data.

(d) That the decision has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts.

(e) That the facts or data upon which the decision is based are recorded in the file.

(3) A permit shall not be granted that authorizes construction of a dwelling or other permanent building on the first lakeward facing slope of a critical dune area or foredune except on a lot of record that was recorded prior to July 5, 1989 that does not have sufficient buildable area landward of the crest to construct the dwelling or other permanent building as proposed by the applicant. The proposed construction, to the greatest extent possible, shall be placed landward of the crest. The portion of the development that is lakeward of the crest shall be placed in the location that has the least impact on the critical dune area.

(4) Except as provided in subsection (3), a permit shall provide that a use that is a structure shall be constructed behind the crest of the first landward ridge of a critical dune area that is not a foredune. However, if construction occurs within 100 feet measured landward from the crest of the first landward ridge that is not a foredune, the use shall meet all of the following requirements:

(a) The structure and access to the structure shall be in accordance with a site plan prepared for the site by a registered professional architect or a licensed professional engineer and the site plan shall provide for the disposal of storm waters without serious soil erosion and without sedimentation of any stream or other body of water.

(b) Access to the structure shall be from the landward side of the dune.

(d) The crest of the dune shall not be reduced in elevation.

(5) As soon as possible following adoption of a zoning ordinance enacted pursuant to this part, the local unit of government shall submit to the department a copy of the ordinance that it determines meets the requirements of this part. If the local unit of government has an existing ordinance that it contends is substantially equivalent to the model zoning plan, that ordinance may be submitted to the department at any time. The department shall review zoning ordinances submitted under this section to assure compliance with this part. If the department finds that an ordinance is not in compliance with this part, the department shall work with the local unit of government to bring the ordinance into compliance and inform the local unit of the failure to comply and in what ways the submitted ordinance is deficient. Unless a local unit of government receives notice, within 180 days after submittal of the ordinance to the department under this subsection, that the ordinance is not in compliance with this part, the ordinance shall be considered to be approved by the department.

(6) A local unit of government may adopt, submit to the department, and obtain approval of a zoning ordinance based on the model zoning plan or an equivalent ordinance as provided in this section by June 30, 1990. If a local unit does not have an approved ordinance by June 30, 1990, the department shall implement the model zoning plan for that local unit of government in the same manner and under the same circumstances as provided in subsection (1). Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, a local unit of government may adopt a zoning ordinance at any time, and upon the approval of the department, that ordinance shall take the place of the model zoning plan implemented by the department.

(7) If a local unit of government in which a proposed use is to be located does not elect to issue permits or does not receive department approval of a zoning ordinance that regulates critical dune areas, the department shall implement the model zoning plan in the place of the local unit of government and issue special exceptions in the same circumstances as provided in this part for the issuance of variances by local units of government, and issue permits pursuant to subsection (1) and part 13.

(8) The department shall assist local units of government in developing ordinances that meet the requirements of this part.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2004, Act 325, Imd. Eff. Sept. 10, 2004 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35305 Hearing; judicial review.

Sec. 35305.

(1) If an applicant for a permit or a special exception or the owner of the property immediately adjacent to the proposed use is aggrieved by a decision of the department in regard to the issuance or denial of a permit or special exception under this part, the applicant or owner may request a formal hearing on the matter involved. The hearing shall be conducted by the department as a contested case hearing in the manner provided for in the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to 24.328.

(2) Following the hearing provided for under subsection (1), a decision of the department in regard to the issuance or denial of a permit or special exception under this part is subject to judicial review as provided for in the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to 24.328.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35306 Lawful use of land or structure; exemptions.

Sec. 35306.

(1) The lawful use of land or a structure, as existing and lawful within a critical dune area at the time the department implements the model zoning plan for a local unit of government, may be continued although the use of that land or structure does not conform to the model zoning plan. The continuance, completion, restoration, reconstruction, extension, or substitution of existing nonconforming uses of land or a structure may continue upon reasonable terms that are consistent, to the extent possible, with the applicable zoning provisions of the local unit of government in which the use is located.

(2) The lawful use of land or a structure, as existing and lawful within a local unit of government that has a zoning ordinance approved by the department, may, but is not required by this part to, be continued subject to the law pertaining to existing uses within the act that enables that local unit of government to zone and the applicable zoning provisions of the local unit of government.

(3) A use needed to obtain or maintain a permit or license that is required by law to continue operating an electric utility generating facility that is in existence on July 5, 1989 shall not be precluded under this part.

(4) A use needed to maintain, repair, or replace existing utility lines, pipelines, or other utility facilities within a critical dune area that were in existence on July 5, 1989, or were constructed in accordance with a permit under this part, is exempt for purposes for which the permit was issued from the operation of this part or a local ordinance approved under this part if the maintenance, repair, or replacement is completed in compliance with all of the following:

(a) Vehicles shall not be driven on slopes greater than 1-foot vertical rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane.

(b) All disturbed areas shall be immediately stabilized and revegetated with native vegetation following completion of work to prevent erosion.

(c) Any removal of woody vegetation shall be done in a manner to assure that any adverse effect on the dune will be minimized and will not significantly alter the physical characteristics or stability of the dune.

(d) To accomplish replacement of a utility pole, the new pole shall be placed adjacent to the existing pole, and the existing pole shall be removed by cutting at ground level.

(e) In the case of repair of underground utility wires, the repair shall be limited to the minimal excavation necessary to replace the wires by plowing, small trench excavation, or directional boring. Replacement of wires on slopes steeper than 1-foot vertical rise in a 4-foot horizontal plane shall be limited to installation by plowing or directional boring only.

(f) In the case of repair or replacement of underground pipelines, directional boring shall be utilized, and if excavation is necessary to access and bore the pipeline, the excavation area shall be located on slopes 1-foot vertical rise in a 4-foot horizontal plane or less.

(5) Uses that have received all necessary permits from the state or the local unit of government in which the proposed use is located by July 5, 1989, are exempt for purposes for which a permit is issued from the operation of this part or local ordinances approved under this part. Such uses shall be regulated pursuant to local ordinances in effect by that date.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35307 Maps.

Sec. 35307.

Upon adoption of an approved zoning ordinance, certified copies of the maps showing critical dune areas, and existing development and uses, shall be sent by the local unit of government to the state tax commission and the assessing office, planning commission, and governing board of the local unit of government, if requested by an entity listed in this section.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35308 Prohibited uses; exception.

Sec. 35308.

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), the following uses shall be prohibited in a critical dune area:

(a) A surface drilling operation that is utilized for the purpose of exploring for or producing hydrocarbons or natural brine or for the disposal of the waste or by-products of the operation.

(b) Production facilities regulated under parts 615 and 625.

(2) Uses described in subsection (1) that are lawfully in existence at a site on July 5, 1989 may be continued. The continuance, completion, restoration, reconstruction, extension, or substitution of those existing uses shall be permitted upon reasonable terms prescribed by the department.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35309 Use permit and inspection fee; disposition of fees; authorization of separate fee; bond.

Sec. 35309.

(1) A local unit of government, or the department if the local unit of government does not have an approved zoning ordinance, may establish a use permit and inspection fee.

(2) The department shall forward all fees it collects under this section to the state treasurer for deposit in the land and water management permit fee fund created in part 301.

(3) Fees collected by a local unit of government shall be credited to the treasury of the local unit of government to be used to defray the cost of administering uses under a zoning ordinance.

(4) In addition to fees provided for in this section, a soil conservation district may charge a separate fee to cover the actual expense of providing services under this part and for providing technical assistance and advice to individuals who seek assistance in matters pertaining to compliance under this part.

(5) A local unit of government, or the department if the local unit of government does not have an approved zoning ordinance, may require the holder of a permit issued by a local unit of government or the department to file with the local unit of government or the department a bond executed by an approved surety in this state in an amount necessary to assure faithful conformance with the permit.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35310 Suspension or revocation of permit; restraining order, injunction, or other appropriate remedy; instituting action; cumulative rights; performance review; determination of noncompliance; response; implementation of model zoning plan; appeal; civil fine; order to pay cost of restabilization; violation as misdemeanor.

Sec. 35310.

(1) If the department finds that a person is not in compliance with the model zoning plan if the department is implementing the plan, or if the department is involved in the modification or reversal of a decision regarding a special use project as provided in section 35322, the department may suspend or revoke the permit.

(2) At the request of the department, the attorney general may institute an action for a restraining order or injunction or other appropriate remedy to prevent or preclude a violation of the model zoning plan if the department is implementing the provisions of the plan or if the department is involved in the modification or reversal of a decision regarding a special use project as provided in section 35322. At the request of the governing body of a local unit of government, the county prosecutor may institute an action for a restraining order or injunction or other proper remedy to prevent a violation of a zoning ordinance approved under this part. This shall be in addition to the rights provided in part 17, and as otherwise provided by law. An action under this subsection instituted by the attorney general may be instituted in the circuit court for the county of Ingham or in the county in which the defendant is located, resides, or is doing business.

(3) The department shall periodically review the performance of all local units of government that have ordinances approved under this part. If the department determines that the local unit of government is not administering the ordinance in conformance with this part, the department shall notify the local unit of government in writing of its determination, including specific reasons why the local unit of government is not in compliance. The local unit of government has 60 days to respond to the department. If the department determines that the local unit of government has not made sufficient changes to its ordinance administration or otherwise explained its actions, the department may withdraw the approval of the local ordinance and implement the model zoning plan within that local unit of government. If a local unit disagrees with an action of the department to withdraw approval of the local ordinance, it may appeal that action pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to 24.328, in the manner provided in that act for contested cases.

(4) In addition to any other relief provided by this section, the court may impose on a person who violates this part, or a permit, a civil fine of not more than $5,000.00 for each day of violation, or may order a violator to pay the full cost of restabilization of a critical dune area or other natural resource that is damaged or destroyed as a result of a violation, or both.

(5) A person who violates this part, or a person who violates a permit issued under this part, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $5,000.00 per day for each day of violation.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35311 Review of “atlas of critical dune areas”; appointment and duties of review team.

Sec. 35311.

Beginning with the effective date of the 2012 act that amended this section and once every 10 years thereafter, the department may appoint a team of qualified ecologists, who may be employed by the department or may be persons with whom the department enters into contracts, to review "the atlas of critical dune areas" dated February 1989. The review team shall evaluate the accuracy of the designations of critical dune areas within the atlas and shall recommend to the legislature any changes to the atlas or underlying criteria revisions to the atlas that would provide more precise protection to the targeted resource.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35311a Construction, improvement, and maintenance of driveways.

Sec. 35311a.

(1) Notwithstanding section 35316 or any other provision of this part, the construction, improvement, and maintenance of a driveway shall be permitted for any dwelling or other permanent building allowed in a critical dune area, including a dwelling or other permanent building approved under this part or a lawful nonconforming use, subject only to applicable permit requirements under sections 35312 through 35325 and the following:

(a) A driveway shall be permitted either to the principal building or, in the sole discretion of the applicant, to an accessory building, under the provisions of this section. Additional driveways, if any, shall meet the applicable requirements for any other use under this part. The development of a plan for a driveway should include consideration of the use of retaining walls, bridges, or similar measures, if feasible, to minimize the impact of the driveway, parking, and turnaround areas, and the consideration of alternative locations on the same lot of record.

(b) Driveways on slopes steeper than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 4-foot horizontal plane, but not steeper than a 1-foot rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane, shall be in accordance with a site plan submitted with the permit application and prepared for the site by a registered professional architect or licensed professional engineer. The site plan shall include (i) storm water drainage that provides for disposal of storm water without serious erosion, (ii) methods for controlling erosion from wind and water, and (iii) restabilization, by design elements including vegetation, cut-and-fill, bridges, traverses, and such other elements as are required in the judgment of the architect or engineer to meet these requirements.

(c) Driveways on slopes steeper than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane shall be in accordance with a site plan submitted with the permit application and prepared for the site by a licensed professional engineer. The site plan shall include (i) storm water drainage that provides for disposal of storm water without serious erosion, (ii) methods for controlling erosion from wind and water, and (iii) restabilization, by design elements including vegetation, cut-and-fill, bridges, traverses, and such other elements as are required in the judgment of the engineer to meet these requirements. The engineer shall certify under seal that the driveway is not likely to increase erosion or decrease stability.

(2) Temporary construction access for all construction, including new construction, renovation, repairs, rebuilding, or replacement, and repair, improvement, or replacement of septic tanks and systems, shall be allowed for any use allowed in a critical dune area for which a driveway is not already installed by the owner, subject only to the requirements that the temporary access shall not involve a contour change or vegetation removal that increases erosion or decreases stability except as can be restabilized upon completion of the construction. The temporary access shall be maintained in stable condition, and restabilization shall be commenced promptly upon completion of the construction.

(3) As used in this section, "driveway" means a privately owned, constructed, and maintained vehicular access from a road or easement serving the property to the principal building or accessory buildings, that is paved, graveled, or otherwise improved for vehicular access, 16 feet wide or narrower in the sole discretion of the applicant or owner, and may include, in the sole discretion of the applicant or owner, a shared driveway.

History: Add. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35311b Construction, improvement, and maintenance of accessibility measures.

Sec. 35311b.

(1) Notwithstanding section 35316 or any other provision of this part, at the request of the applicant, the construction, improvement, and maintenance of accessibility measures shall be permitted for any dwelling or other permanent building allowed in a critical dune area, including a dwelling or other permanent building approved under this part or a lawful nonconforming use, subject only to applicable permit requirements under sections 35312 through 35325 and the following:

(a) Accessibility measures on slopes steeper than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 4-foot horizontal plane, but not steeper than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane, shall be in accordance with a site plan submitted with the permit application and prepared for the site by a registered professional architect or licensed professional engineer. The site plan shall include (i) storm water drainage that provides for disposal of storm water without serious erosion, (ii) methods for controlling erosion from wind and water, and (iii) restabilization, by design elements including vegetation, cut-and-fill, bridges, traverses, and such other elements as are required in the judgment of the architect or engineer to meet these requirements.

(b) Accessibility measures on slopes steeper than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane shall be in accordance with a site plan submitted with the permit application and prepared for the site by a licensed professional engineer. The site plan shall include (i) storm water drainage that provides for disposal of storm water without serious erosion, (ii) methods for controlling erosion from wind and water, and (iii) restabilization, by design elements including vegetation, cut-and-fill, bridges, traverses, and such other elements as are required in the judgment of the engineer to meet these requirements. The engineer shall certify under seal that the accessibility measures are not likely to increase erosion or decrease stability.

(2) As used in this section, "accessibility measures" means a circulation path and at least 1 entrance on a circulation path complying with American national standards institute chapter 4 standards for accessible routes, from a road or easement serving the property, and, at the option of the applicant, from a sidewalk, a driveway, or a garage. As used in this section, accessibility measures do not include driveways.

(3) For the purposes of this section, the choice of components for an accessible route under American national standards institute standard 402.2 shall be at the option of the applicant.

History: Add. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35312 Zoning ordinance; provisions; regulation of additional lands.

Sec. 35312.

(1) A local unit of government that has 1 or more critical dune areas within its jurisdiction may formulate a zoning ordinance pursuant to the Michigan zoning enabling act, 2006 PA 110, MCL 125.3101 to 125.3702.

(2) A zoning ordinance shall consist of all of the provisions of the model zoning plan or comparable provisions that provide substantially equivalent protection of critical dune areas as the model zoning plan but shall not be more restrictive than the model zoning plan or the standard of review for permits or variances prescribed in the model zoning plan.

(3) A local unit of government may by an affirmative vote of its governing body following a public hearing regulate additional lands as critical dune areas under this part as considered appropriate by the planning commission if the lands are determined by the local unit of government to be essential to the hydrology, ecology, topography, or integrity of a critical dune area. A local unit of government shall provide within its zoning ordinance for the protection of lands that are within 250 feet of a critical dune area, if those lands are determined by the local unit of government to be essential to the hydrology, ecology, topography, or integrity of a critical dune area.

(4) If a local unit of government does not have an approved zoning ordinance, the department may regulate additional lands described in subsection (3). However, the lands added by the department shall not extend more than 250 feet from the landward boundary of a critical dune area, unless, following a public hearing, an affirmative vote of the governing body of the local unit of government authorizes a further extension. If the director determines that the mapping of a critical dune area designated in the "atlas of critical dune areas" dated February 1989 was inaccurate, the department may regulate additional lands. However, the lands added by the department shall not extend more than 250 feet from the landward boundary of a critical dune area.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35313 Zoning ordinance; requirements for applications for permits for use of critical dune area.

Sec. 35313.

(1) A zoning ordinance shall require that all applications for permits for the use of a critical dune area include in writing all of the following:

(a) That the county enforcing agency designated pursuant to part 91 finds that the project is in compliance with part 91 and any applicable soil erosion and sedimentation control ordinance that is in effect in the local unit of government.

(b) That a proposed sewage treatment or disposal system on the site has been approved by the county health department or the department.

(c) Assurances that the cutting and removing of trees and other vegetation will be performed according to the "forestry management guidelines for Michigan" prepared by the society of American foresters in 1987 as revised in 2010 and may include a program to provide mitigation for the removal of trees or vegetation by providing assurances that the applicant will plant on the site more trees and other vegetation than were removed by the proposed use.

(d) A site plan that contains data required by the planning commission concerning the physical development of the site and extent of disruption of the site by the proposed development.

(2) A local unit of government or the department shall not require an environmental site assessment or environmental impact statement as part of a permit application except for a special use project.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35314 Zoning ordinance; provisions; review of subdivision development.

Sec. 35314.

(1) A zoning ordinance shall provide for all of the following:

(a) Lot size, width, density, and front and side setbacks.

(b) Storm water drainage that provides for disposal of drainage water without serious erosion.

(d) Restabilization.

(2) Each zoning ordinance shall provide that a use that proposes a subdivision development shall be reviewed by the local unit of government to assure compliance with all of the model zoning plan.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35315 Zoning ordinance; prohibited uses in critical dune area.

Sec. 35315.

A zoning ordinance shall not permit either of the following uses in a critical dune area:

(a) The disposal of sewage on-site unless the standards of applicable sanitary codes are met or exceeded.

(b) A use that does not comply with the minimum setback requirements required by rules that are promulgated under part 323.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35316 Zoning ordinances; additional prohibited uses in critical dune area; variance; contour maps; guidelines; restoration.

Sec. 35316.

(1) Unless a variance is granted pursuant to section 35317, a zoning ordinance shall not permit the following uses in a critical dune area:

(a) A structure and access to the structure on a slope within a critical dune area that has a slope that measures from a 1-foot vertical rise in a 4-foot horizontal plane to less than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane, unless the structure and access to the structure are in accordance with a site plan prepared for the site by a registered professional architect or a licensed professional engineer and the site plan provides for the disposal of storm waters without serious soil erosion and without sedimentation of any stream or other body of water.

(b) A use on a slope within a critical dune area that has a slope steeper than a 1-foot vertical rise in a 3-foot horizontal plane.

(c) A use involving a contour change if the local unit of government or the department determines that it is more likely than not to increase erosion or decrease stability.

(d) Silvicultural practices, as described in the "forest management guidelines for Michigan", prepared by the society of American foresters as revised in 2010, if the local unit of government or the department determines that they are more likely than not to increase erosion or decrease stability.

(e) A use that involves a vegetation removal if the local unit of government or the department determines that it is more likely than not to increase erosion or decrease stability.

(2) If the local unit of government is not certain of the degree of slope on a property for which a use permit is sought, the local unit may require that the applicant supply contour maps of the site with 5-foot intervals at or near any proposed structure or roadway.

(3) The department shall develop guidelines to describe the method by which the department and local units of government measure slopes to implement the requirements of the zoning ordinance or the model zoning plan.

(4) If a person is ordered by the department, or by a local unit of government that is enforcing a zoning ordinance authorized under this part, to restore a critical dune area that has been degraded by that person, the department or local unit of government shall establish a procedure by which the restoration of the critical dune area is monitored to assure that the restoration is completed in a satisfactory manner.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 1995, Act 262, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 1996 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35317 Variances; special exceptions; limitations; decision; environmental site assessment or environmental impact statement; annual report; forwarding application to local government; review and comment; waiver of opportunity to review; notice of opposition; determination of practical difficulty.

Sec. 35317.

(1) A local unit of government may issue variances under a zoning ordinance, or the department may issue special exceptions under the model zoning plan if a local unit of government does not have an approved zoning ordinance, if a practical difficulty will occur to the owner of the property if the variance or special exception is not granted. In determining whether a practical difficulty will occur if a variance or special exception is not granted, primary consideration shall be given to assuring that human health and safety are protected by the determination and that the determination complies with applicable local zoning, other state laws, and federal law. If a practical difficulty will occur to the owner of the property if the variance or special exception is not granted, a variance or special exception shall be granted under this section unless the local unit of government or the department determines that the use will significantly damage the public interest on the privately owned land, or, if the land is publicly owned, the public interest in the publicly owned land, by significant and unreasonable depletion or degradation of any of the following:

(a) The diversity of the critical dune areas within the local unit of government.

(b) The quality of the critical dune areas within the local unit of government.

(2) The decision of the local unit of government or the department shall be in writing and shall be based upon evidence that would meet the standards in section 75 of the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.275. A decision denying a variance or special exception shall document, and any review upholding the decision shall determine, all of the following:

(a) That the local unit of government or the department has met the burden of proof under subsection (1).

(b) That the decision is based upon sufficient facts or data.

(d) That the decision has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts.

(e) That the facts or data upon which the decision is based are recorded in the file.

(3) A local unit of government or the department shall not require an environmental site assessment or environmental impact statement for a variance except for a special use project.

(4) A variance shall not be granted from a setback requirement provided for under the model zoning plan or an equivalent zoning ordinance approved under section 35034 enacted pursuant to this part unless the property for which the variance is requested is 1 of the following:

(a) A nonconforming lot of record that is recorded prior to July 5, 1989, and that becomes nonconforming due to the operation of this part or a zoning ordinance.

(b) A lot legally created after July 5, 1989 that later becomes nonconforming due to natural shoreline erosion.

(c) Property on which the base of the first landward critical dune of at least 20 feet in height that is not a foredune is located at least 500 feet inland from the first foredune crest or line of vegetation on the property. However, the setback shall be a minimum of 200 feet measured from the foredune crest or line of vegetation.

(5) Each local unit of government that has issued a variance for a use other than a special use project during the previous 12 months shall file an annual report with the department indicating variances that have been granted by the local unit of government during that period.

(6) Upon receipt of an application for a special exception under the model zoning plan, the department shall forward a copy of the application and all supporting documentation to the local unit of government having jurisdiction over the proposed location. The local unit of government shall have 60 days to review and comment on the proposed special exception. The department shall not make a decision on a special exception under the model zoning plan until either the local unit of government has commented on the proposed special exception or has waived its opportunity to review the special exception. The local unit of government may waive its opportunity to review the application at any time within 60 days after receipt of the application and supporting documentation by notifying the department in writing. The local unit of government also waives its opportunity to review the application if it fails to act as authorized in this subsection within 60 days. If the local unit of government waives its opportunity to review the application, the local unit of government also waives its opportunity to oppose the decision by the department to issue a special exception. If the local unit of government opposes the issuance of the special exception, the local unit of government shall notify the department, in writing, of its opposition within the 60-day notice period. If the local unit of government opposes the issuance of the special exception, the department shall not issue a special exception. The local unit of government may also consider whether a practical difficulty will occur to the owner of the property if the special exception is not granted by the department and may make a recommendation to the department within the 60-day notice period. The department shall base its determination of whether a practical difficulty exists on information provided by the local unit of government and other pertinent information.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 1995, Act 262, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 1996 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35318 Request for revaluation to determine fair market value.

Sec. 35318.

If a permit for a proposed use within a critical dune area is denied, the landowner may request a revaluation of the affected property for assessment purposes to determine its fair market value under the restriction.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35319 Environmental assessment; contents.

Sec. 35319.

The zoning ordinance shall provide that if an environmental assessment is required under section 35313, that assessment shall include the following information concerning the site of the proposed use:

(a) The name and address of the applicant.

(b) A description of the applicant's proprietary interest in the site.

(c) The name, address, and professional qualifications of the person preparing the environmental assessment and his or her opinion as to whether the proposed development of the site is consistent with protecting features of environmental sensitivity and archaeological or historical significance that may be located on the site.

(d) The description and purpose of the proposed use.

(e) The location of existing utilities and drainageways.

(f) The general location and approximate dimensions of proposed structures.

(g) Major proposed change of land forms such as new lakes, terracing, or excavating.

(h) Sketches showing the scale, character, and relationship of structures, streets or driveways, and open space.

(i) Approximate location and type of proposed drainage, water, and sewage facilities.

(j) Legal description of property.

(k) A physical description of the site, including its dominant characteristics, its vegetative character, its present use, and other relevant information.

(l) A natural hazards review consisting of a list of natural hazards such as periodic flooding, poor soil bearing conditions, and any other hazards peculiar to the site.

(m) An erosion review showing how erosion control will be achieved and illustrating plans or programs that may be required by any existing soil erosion and sedimentation ordinance.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35320 Environmental impact statement; contents.

Sec. 35320.

If an environmental impact statement is required under section 35313 prior to permitting a proposed use, a zoning ordinance may require that the statement include all of the following:

(a) The name and address of the applicant.

(b) A description of the applicant's proprietary interest in the site of the proposed use.

(c) The name, address, and professional qualifications of the proposed professional design team members, including the designation of the person responsible for the preparation of the environmental impact statement.

(d) The description and purpose of the proposed use.

(e) Six copies and 1 reproducible transparency of a schematic use plan of the proposed use showing the general location of the proposed use and major existing physical and natural features on the site, including, but not limited to, watercourses, rock outcropping, wetlands, and wooded areas.

(f) The location of the existing utilities and drainageways.

(g) The location and notation of public streets, parks, and railroad and utility rights-of-way within or adjacent to the proposed use.

(h) The general location and dimensions of proposed streets, driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian ways, trails, off-street parking, and loading areas.

(i) The general location and approximate dimensions of proposed structures.

(j) Major proposed change of land forms such as new lakes, terracing, or excavating.

(k) Approximate existing and proposed contours and drainage patterns, showing at least 5-foot contour intervals.

(l) Sketches showing the scale, character, and relationship of structures, streets or driveways, and open space.

(m) Approximate location and type of proposed drainage, water and sewage treatment and disposal facilities.

(n) A legal description of the property.

(o) An aerial photo and contour map showing the development site in relation to the surrounding area.

(p) A description of the physical site, including its dominant characteristics, its vegetative character, its present use, and other relevant information.

(q) A soil review giving a short descriptive summary of the soil types found on the site and whether the soil permits the use of septic tanks or requires central sewer. The review may be based on the "unified soil classification system" as adopted by the United States government corps of engineers and bureau of reclamation, dated January 1952, or the national cooperative soil survey classification system, and the standards for the development prospects that have been offered for each portion of the site.

(r) A natural hazards review consisting of a list of natural hazards such as periodic flooding, poor soil bearing conditions, and any other hazards peculiar to the site.

(s) A substrata review including a descriptive summary of the various geologic bedrock formations underlying the site, including the identification of known aquifers, the approximate depths of the aquifers, and, if being tapped for use, the principal uses to be made of these waters, including irrigation, domestic water supply, and industrial usage.

(t) An erosion review showing how erosion control will be achieved and illustrating plans or programs that may be required by any existing soil erosion and sedimentation ordinance.

(u) At a minimum, a site plan for compliance with all of the following standards for the construction and postconstruction periods:

(i) Surface drainage designs and structures are erosion-proof through control of the direction, volume, and velocities of drainage patterns. These patterns shall promote natural vegetation growth that are included in the design so that drainage waters may be impeded in their flow and percolation encouraged.

(ii) The design shall include trash collection devices when handling street and parking drainage to contain solid waste and trash.

(iii) Watercourse designs, control volumes, and velocities of water to prevent bottom and bank erosion. In particular, changes of direction shall guard against undercutting of banks.

(iv) If vegetation has been removed or has not been able to establish on surface areas such as infill zones, it is the duty of the developer to stabilize and control the impacted surface areas to prevent wind erosion and the blowing of surface material through the planting of grasses, windbreaks, and other similar barriers.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35321 Review of site plan; duties of planning commission.

Sec. 35321.

A zoning ordinance shall provide that, in reviewing a site plan required under section 35313(1)(d), the planning commission shall do both of the following:

(a) Determine whether the requirements of the zoning ordinance have been met and whether the plan is consistent with existing laws.

(b) Recommend alterations of a proposed development to minimize adverse effects anticipated if the development is approved and to assure compliance with all applicable state and local requirements.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35322 Special use project application, plan, and proposed decision; review; action.

Sec. 35322.

Prior to issuing a permit allowing a special use project within a critical dune area, a local unit of government shall submit the special use project application and plan and the proposed decision of the local unit of government to the department. The department shall have 30 days to review the plan and may affirm, modify, or reverse the proposed decision of the local unit of government.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35323 Destruction of structure or use; exemption; replacement.

Sec. 35323.

A structure or use located in a critical dune area that is destroyed by fire, other than arson for which the owner is found to be responsible, or an act of nature, except for erosion, is exempt from the operation of this part or a zoning ordinance under this part for the purpose of rebuilding or replacing the structure or use, if the structure or use was lawful at the time it was constructed or commenced. A replacement structure and its use may differ from that which was destroyed if it does not exceed in size or scope that which was destroyed.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35324 Management of federally owned and state owned land.

Sec. 35324.

Federally owned land, to the extent allowable by law, and state owned land within critical dune areas shall be managed by the federal or state government, respectively, in a manner that is consistent with the model zoning plan.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35325 Purchase of lands or interests in lands; purpose.

Sec. 35325.

The department or local units of government may purchase lands or interests in lands from a willing seller in critical dune areas for the purpose of maintaining or improving the critical dune areas and the environment of the critical dune areas in conformance with the zoning ordinance, or the model zoning plan if the local unit of government does not have an approved zoning ordinance. Interests that may be purchased may include easements designed to provide for the preservation of critical dune areas and to limit or eliminate development in critical dune areas.

History: Add. 1995, Act 59, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

324.35326 Repealed. 2012, Act 297, Imd. Eff. Aug. 7, 2012

Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to appropriation to department.
Popular Name: Act 451
Popular Name: NREPA

Rendered 12/10/2024 7:25 PM
Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 160 of 2024
Courtesy of legislature.mi.gov